Paleolithic Art of the Old Stone Age

The Paleolithic (literally Old Stone Age) period covered between two and one-half and three million years, depending on which scientist has done the calculations. For art historys purposes, Paleolithic Art refers to the Late Upper Paleolithic period. This began roughly around 40,000 years ago and lasted through the Pleistocene ice age, which ended about 8,000 BCE. This period was marked by the rise of Homo sapiens and their ever-developing ability to create tools and weapons. What the World Was Like There was a lot more ice and the ocean shoreline was far different than it is now. Lower water levels and, in some cases, land bridges (which have long since disappeared) allowed humans to migrate to the Americas and Australia. The ice also made for a cooler climate worldwide and prevented migration to the far north. Humans at this time were strictly hunter-gatherers, meaning they were constantly on the move in search of food. Art of the Time There were only two kinds of art: portable or stationary, and both forms were limited in scope. Portable art during the Upper Paleolithic period was necessarily small (in order to be portable) and consisted of either figurines or decorated objects. These things were carved (from stone, bone, or antler) or modeled with clay. Most of the portable art from this time was figurative, meaning it depicted something recognizable, whether animal or human in form. The figurines are often referred to by the collective name of Venus, as they are unmistakably females of a child-bearing build. Stationary art was just that: It didnt move. The best examples exist in (now famous) cave paintings in western Europe, created during the Paleolithic period. Paints were manufactured from combinations of minerals, ochres, burnt bone meal, and charcoal mixed into mediums of water, blood, animal fats, and tree saps. Experts guess (and its only a guess) that these paintings served some form of ritualistic or magical purpose, as they are located far from the mouths of caves where everyday life took place. Cave paintings contain far more non-figurative art, meaning many elements are symbolic rather than realistic. The clear exception, here, is in the depiction of animals, which are vividly realistic (humans, on the other hand, are either completely absent or stick figures). Key Characteristics It seems a bit flippant to try to characterize the art from a period that encompasses most of human history. Paleolithic art is intricately bound to anthropological and archaeological studies that professionals have devoted entire lives researching and compiling. That said, to make some sweeping generalizations, Paleolithic art: Paleolithic art concerned itself with either food (hunting scenes, animal carvings) or fertility (Venus figurines). Its predominant theme was animals.It is considered to be an attempt, by Stone Age peoples, to gain some sort of control over their environment, whether by magic or ritual.Art from this period represents a giant leap in human cognition: abstract thinking.

Nursing Manager Interview - 649 Words

The Nurse Manager Name here South University The Nurse Manager Responsibilities of nurse manager Nurse mangers is the leader of a specific department or unit of a healthcare facility. The nurse manager is responsible for recruitment and retention of the nursing staff, collaborating with other health care providers on patient care, and assisting patients and their families when needed. The nurse manager works with administration communicating and interpreting the facility’s policies and procedures to the staff. Usually with other departments in the facility, the nurse managers develop quality improvement measures tracking the patient services and care. According to Espinoza et al (2009), the nurse manager plays a pivotal role in†¦show more content†¦During an interview with a nurse manager I asked her the following questions: Identified and described the role of nursing in the healthcare delivery system? â€Å"Nurses are more than caregivers in today’s healthcare settings. They are teachers, advocates and pioneers in improving healthcare. They are stepping out of the old model and taking ownership for changes in healthcare. Nurses are developing their own scientific research programs to improve patient care. They are playing a pivotal role in healthcare reform. Nurses are becoming leaders, not followers in healthcare reform.† How do you deal with cost containment? â€Å"Since we are a small unit composed of mostly RNs, I sit down with my staff and we go over the budget together. It gives the staff a sense of proprietorship. This way I feel we are sharing the responsibilities and it helps them to understand why we cannot afford a piece of equipment at this time. I can usually depend on someone to think out of the box. Once we went â€Å"dumpster diving† for office supplies as one employee suggested. It is actually the hospital’s warehouse for materials nobody wanted. We savaged enough office supplies for the year and was able to purchase a high cost item the unit needed. Plus it was a team building effort.† Conclusion The nursing manager I interviewed was one of the best people I have worked for. It was a pleasure to go work each day. She encouragedShow MoreRelatedNurse Interview Scholarly Paper Criteria1319 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Interview Scholarly Paper Criteria Nursing is a practice of merging art and science together (Wilson, 2005, p. 116). The American Nurses Association (2003) defines nursing as â€Å"the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (p. 6). 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Chance and Hot Air Balloons free essay sample

When was the last time you considered the odds of your life panning out in the exact way that it has? Most of the time, the role of chance in our lives goes completely unnoticed, even as it shapes every aspect of our lives and our world. People are hardwired to assign blame or credit to one particular person or event that we think â€Å"caused† something to happen. In reality, causation is not a straight line, leading from one cause to one effect to one aftereffect. It’s more like a huge spider web, with causes influencing many effects and effects further influencing many causes, and once in awhile a big helping of chance is thrown in just to complicate matters more. We would much rather think in straight lines than in spider webs. It’s much easier. But it is immensely important to realize the sheer force of chance in influencing our lives, because it gives us a much deeper appreciation for all the miracles they contain that are so often taken for granted. We will write a custom essay sample on Chance and Hot Air Balloons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was confronted by an event that left me with an immense appreciation for chance just a few weeks ago. I was working outside on my family’s farm when I saw a hot air balloon rise over the tree line. It began to descend as it passed over the farm and I followed it, wanting to see it land. I was not disappointed. The two pilots managed to first set their basket down in the middle of a line of thirty-foot pine trees, then, after extracting themselves, collide with the side of my neighbor’s house before finally landing in the neighbor’s yard. While I watched this whole odd debacle, I realized how incredibly unlikely it was. Had I been busy that day, as most other days, I would not have been home and would have never realized a balloon had been there. Had the wind blown just slightly differently, the balloon would have avoided its collisions. Had the FAA realized that these particular pilots were so completely inept, they could not have obtained a license to fly the ir balloon in the first place. Had my mother not planted that line of thirty foot pine trees as saplings twenty years previously, or chosen not to water them through the drought that came right away after, the balloon would have had no problem landing in what otherwise was a flat, wide open field. The spider web of all these unlikely circumstances added up to produce one truly odd event, and because I was there to see it, I was reminded of how many unlikely, even miraculous events occur unnoticed every single day in the lives of every single person on the planet. Having an appreciation for such events prevents us from assigning as much undeserved credit and blame and frees us to think about the big picture. Such thinking can only propel ourselves, our society, and, ultimately, our world forwards.

Promoting Equalities and Human Rights †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Promoting Equalities and Human Rights. Answer: Introduction: The first National Womens Health Policy was implemented in Australia in 1989 to address the challenges faced by women in maintaining health. With the complex work demand and life circumstance, maintaining good health has become a serious challenge for women in the 21st Century. The National Womens Health Policy 2010 aimed to provide a strategic 20 year plan to improve health of women particularly those who are at greater risk of poor health. Health challenges like access to health service and disease risk factors are experienced by both men and women, however as women have a higher life expectancy, their burden of chronic disease also increases (Thorogood Crowther 2015). This was main reason for the implementation of Womens Health Policy and planning strategies specifically for the health of women. The report by Martin (2017) also proves that women have higher life expectancy than men as new born girls born in Australia are expected to live for 84.5 years and boys are expected to li ve up to 80.4 years. The patterns of disease and risk factors of disease and ill health also vary in women according to the different age group. This paper particularly provides human rights analysis of the National Womens Health Policy 2010 to find out how policy driven mechanism promoted health and well-being for Australian women. From the Human Right approach, the purpose of a policy is effective if it aims to improve the health of specific target people or seeks to improve outcome in specific health issues. Such policies should be inclusive, recognizing the rights of target group particularly vulnerable groups (Parken 2010). Such specific intended purpose was also present in the National Womens Health Policy 2010 as the policy statement specified the purpose of the policy, which was to improve and promote health and well-being of all Australian women particular those vulnerable to poor health (National Womens Health Policy 2010). The focus and scale of the program is also understood from its dual priorities which is to develop health services and prevention programs targeting chronic health issues which will affect health in the next two years and address health inequities across different social groups. The review of the aim and dual priorities in the policy shows that the policy has wider focus as it aims to transform of health infrastructure both for immediate and future health issues (Lewin et al. 2015). This also shows how decision making occurs during policy making process. The priority of addressing health inequity is also an important focus in the National Womens Health Policy 2010 as certain groups of women face socioeconomic disadvantages, which contribute to health inequity. The difference in lifestyle, employment housing, race and access to health care service particularly increases the likelihood of poor outcomes in specific group of women . For example, the health statistics of aboriginal women living in Australia show geographic difference in determinants of health. The health disparities in women is seen due to the social determinant factor of socioeconomic status, age, disability, employment , ethnicity and geographic location (Eades 2015). For instance, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have poorer health than indigenous women due to socioeconomic disadvantage, poor housing and poor access to health service. All this translates to high rate of disease incidence, morbidity and mortality and behavioral health issues (Women's Heal th - 2014. 2017). Hence, the aim of the policy from the human rights approach is commendable as it is employing social model of health approach to promote health equity between women. Impact of the policy on health The National Womens Health Policy 2010 is likely to have positive impact on health as it has prioritized key action areas based on evidence-based data. They have identified the health priority areas of preventing chronic disease and promoting mental health and well-being, promoting sexual and reproductive health and healthy ageing. Managing chronic disease is crucial to improving health status (Zwar et al. 2017) The rate of chronic disease in Australian women is high. The policy was implemented in 2010 and at that time cardiovascular disease (CVD) was regarded as a major threat to health of Australian women. CVD lead to more deaths than any other chronic diseases. The risk factors such as lack of physical activity, obesity and poor consumption of fruits and vegetables were also high in females (Women and Heart disease 2017). The National Health Survey report 2010 also shows that 1 in every 2 Australians live with one prominent chronic disease like CDV, cancer, asthma, COPD, diabetes or mental illness. The survey also suggested that addressing behavioral and biomedical risk factor is important to reduce the burden of chronic disease (Department of Health | Chronic Conditions 2017).In accordance with such evidence based data, the National Womens Health Policy 2010 was also found to focus on preventing modifiable risk factors of chronic disease. The policy proposed improving health through gender analysis, education and health service delivery in remote areas. They also focused on preventing obesity, using alcohol and other drug use among women. Hence, use of these strategies suggest that such preventive health measures is likely to improve the health of women in 20 years. Preventing obesity and alcohol usage in women are part of behavioral health promotion and they are likely to give positive results because such health promotion strategies directly address behavior that cause risk to health. Disseminating and giving education to public about health risk factors and benefits associated with positive health behavior can motivate people to modify their behavior and lifestyle (Eldredge et al. 2016). However, one limitation of this approach is that it cannot reduce inequities in health behavior. This is because the policy is for a universal population that includes both people from high and low socioeconomic group. Hence, educational interventions and social marketing campaigns will have little impact on people with poor social and economic resources (Baum Fisher, 2014). They will not be able to modify their health behavior despite knowing about it. This evidence implies that population health outcome is dependent not just on behavioral and biological fa ctors, but also on environmental, cultural, economic and political setting (Berkman, Kawachi, Glymour 2014). Therefore, the National Womens Health Policy 2010 can be considered effective for improving health if it has used broad based approach to consider health impact for women living in poor socioeconomic condition too. However, while evaluating this element in the policy, it has been found that the Australian Government focused on improving social, economic and environmental conditions of women too (National Womens Health Policy 2010). Use of this approach is considered beneficial because it is likely to improve long term health of women too and promote health ageing. The examination of the policy also revealed strategic action areas of improving social determinants of health and priorities women with highest risk of poor health. The policy makers employed life course approach to health, which is a commendable step as it will help to address health issues in women across different stages of life. Evidence also points out that life course approach is essential in preventative as it will support delivering age appropriate interventions which will maximize well-being in them (Halfon et al. 2014). The cost effectiveness of interventions and the policy will depend on the utility of risk assessment and continuity of services for high-risk group. National Womens Health Policy 2010 also validated the purpose of reducing poor health in high-risk women by engaging in consultation with Australian Womens Health Network Talking Circle to find out issues faced by Aboriginal women throughout Australia. As gap in services and health status is severe in this group , the Government prioritized the health of Aborginal and Torres Strait Islander women (National Womens Health Policy 2010). Human right elements affect by the policy The core purpose and intention of the National Womens Health Policy 2010 clearly shows that they are working to address human right element of gender equity and health equity too. For instance, this policy paid special attention to women only because gender and gender relations also had an impact on womens health. Evidence in society proves that gender interacts with social determinants and such social realities shape opportunities for health and vulnerability to illness in women (Krieger 2014). This is also relevant to the United Nations Human Right document for womens rights and gender equality which states that gender equality is the foundation of human right and equal rights of men and women is the core responsibility of all states (OHCHR | Womens Rights and Gender Section (WRGS) 2017). However, the irony is that despite such documents, women still have poor access to housing, property and they face discrimination in life choices further rendering them to vulnerabilities and heal th issues. They often experience conflicting situations because their peace and security is compromised. In response to gender related impact on health of women, the National Womens Health Policy 2010 has taken action in the right area by focusing on providing equal rights to women. Although the core focus of the policy is mainly address and improve health outcome, however social determinant of health influenced the health status too, they aimed to mitigate inequities within the health care and social system too. Hence, this is indicative of the potential to address right of women in society. From a legal perspective too, discriminating against people on the basis of gender, sexuality or marital status is in violation of the law according to the Sex Determination Act 1984. The Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women has played a key role in changing peoples attitude towards women and advancing gender equity in all countries (Thornton 2013). While reviewing Australias progress in gender equity after the implementation of the National Womens Health Policy 2010, it has been found that the improvement is not massive. Women comprise about 46% of the all Australian employees, however there average earning is lower than men. Secondly, women account for 92% primary carer responsibility according to 2013 statistics. While evaluating incidences of sexual harassment at workplace and gender discrimination too, about 50% women has been found to face such issues. However, some positive developments have occurred too. For instance, women are now gettin g protection from domestic violence and men and women contribute equally in parenting responsibilities (Gender Equality | Australian Human Rights Commission. 2017). Hence, it can be said that in the coming years more improvement is likely to be seen because post National Womens Health Policy 2010, the Australian Government is also coming up with new womens health policies and education and training programs for people in different sectors to reduce health risk to women. The policy recognized the restriction of human rights particularly in the areas of disparities in gender equity and health equity for Australian women. As part of the United Nations obligation for gender equity, womens right should not be restricted in areas of life. However, the policy makers of the National Health Policy found that certain sections of women like Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were not getting equal opportunities both in life as well as access to health services. They were particularly vulnerable to high risk of health issues such as diabetes, kidney problem, cancer, heart disease and much other chronic disease. In all areas, the rate of such disease was high for indigenous group compared to other group because of poor environmental conditions, smoking and exposure to harmful chemicals in workplace (Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health Health facts 2017). Hence, the aboriginal women experienced poorer health than other women mainly due to their life circumstances. Racism, marginalization, exposure to violence and limited access to health services deteriorated their health. They also had a greater responsibility in looking after the health of their family members. The age at death for indigenous females was also very low ranging from 50.3 years to 66.2 years (Summary of Indigenous women's health 2017). The Australian government advocated for the health of indigenous women as the National Womens Health Policy prioritized health of the aboriginal women. The report regarding health disparities in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders women mainly suggested that health status of indigenous women can be improved by reducing health risk factors and improving prevention and early detection of disease in this group. Secondly, to improved health outcomes, focusing on their culture and life experience was also important (Campbell et al. 2017).. The National Womens Health Policy also took similar measures to promote health equity in aboriginal women. For example, after consulting with the Aboriginal women Talking circle, they looked at addressing gaps and barrier to health services and delivering holistic strategies to improve the health status of indigenous women. The Australian Government also emphasized on funding because to reach out to indigenous women, huge reorientation in health service delivery was required. Secondly, strategic measures were also taken to mitigate barrier to delivering health message of women. As language was the m ain barrier to health education, alternative forms of communication and cultural competency skills training were extended to health care staffs (Truong, Paradies Priest 2014). The key strength of the plicy is that it took action i(n all areas not just health service, but also for the nutritional needs, physical activity, alcohol consumption, mental health and pregnant women too (National Womens Health Policy 2010). This is the core strength of the policy that comprehensive action was taken for women who were at severe risk to health issues. Meeting the criteria to restrict rights There are many criteria that justified the restriction of human rights groups of people in the community. In case of Australian women, the provision was not to restrict right but to provide all rights to women. However, the policy identified indigenous women were restricted from basic human rights and all actions were taken by the government to promote gender and health equity for all women in Australia (Wronka 2016). The policy targeted holistic approach to well being of all women and it encompassed action across area of womens lifespan. It empowered women to become better decision makers by raising health awareness campaigns. All issues of importance in womens health was covered in the policy. This included range of health areas such as reproductive healthy and sexuality, health of ageing women, emotional and mental health, occupational health and safety, health needs of women cares, violence and sex role stereotyping (National Womens Health Policy 2010). As the country move toward s ageing population, commendable actions were taken to promote health ageing in women Dobson et al. 2015). For instance, all support mechanism were directed to provide counseling, ambulation and incontinence support to elderly and fulfill their nutritional needs (Kendig et al. 2014). Health lifestyle teaching and program to promote physical activity were also implemented. The main challenge in implementing the plans of the National Womens health policy was that it required reorientation and restructuring the entire health care system. This meant changing not only the process of care but also health care professionals attitude towards delivering care (Raman et al., 2017). Hence, the Government had a massive task in hand. They had to modify the health infrastructure and process of health care delivery too. The review of the policy document also revealed working mainly for the health improvement of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. As they belong to culturally diverse group, the main action that was required was to modify the health care system to embrace cultural sensitivity in care. The policy statement mentioned that health issues and experience of women may differ according to their culture and religious views too (National Womens health policy 2010). Hence, in such situation, developing culturally sensitive care was the most importan t priority to promote participation of women in health improvement. Since, the implementation of the National Womens policy, Australia has witnessed massive changes in the delivery of care. Health care system has been developed and minimum standards of language and culture has been maintained. The cultural competency documents and programs have also been implemented to promote health of women (Clifford et al., 2015). As the National womens health policy aimed to achieve improvements in health within 20 years time frame, appropriate monitoring and evaluation system was also present to check the progress of the policy compare to key goals and priorities. For instance, all interventions and their outcome were evaluated and accurate and comprehensive data were collected to see treatment response and progress made in women health. Research work were also collected to understand the challenges in the process, and bring improvement in existing health promotion methods. It was also planned to give annual report to the Australian Health Ministers Conference to see whether the policy was successful in improving womens health and protecting their right or not (Women's Health 2014 2017).Current, many progress has been seen in identify and responding to the needs of particular groups of women, however lot more things and approaches is required to completely eliminate health disparities (Freeman et al. 2014). In different areas such as ageing or mental health service, the policy proposed reporting to the Department of Health and Ageing about progress of womens health. Conclusion: The review and analysis of the National Womens health policy 2010 summarized the key goals and intentions of the policy. By prioritizing womens health issue and looking to improve the health of indigenous women, the policy reflected use of human rights approach too. This is because the policy recognized the right of women to be treated equally and pledged for both gender and health equity in Australian women. The policy led to the implementation of many policies, health promotion programs and interventions for protecting the health of Australian women. The improvement in lives of indigenous women was also seen with better provisions for health care service and development of culturally competent health care. Reference Baum, F., Fisher, M. 2014, Why behavioural health promotion endures despite its failure to reduce health inequities,Sociology of health illness,36(2), 213-22- Journal article Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I., Glymour, M. M. (Eds.). 2014), Social epidemiology. Oxford University Press- Book Campbell, S., Roux, N., Preece, C., Rafter, E., Davis, B., Mein, J., ... Chamberlain, C. 2017, Paths to improving care of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women following gestational diabetes.Primary Health Care Research Development, 1-14- Journal article Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98-Journal article Department of Health | Chronic Conditions. 2017, Health.gov.au. , Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/chronic-disease -Website Dobson, A. J., Hockey, R., Brown, W. J., Byles, J. E., Loxton, D. J., McLaughlin, D., ... Mishra, G. D. (2015). Cohort profile update: Australian longitudinal study on womens health.International Journal of Epidemiology,44(5), 1547-1547f- Journal article Eades, S., 2015, Recent Research Addressing Health Inequalities among Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, International Journal of Epidemiology,44(suppl 1), pp.i33-i33- Journal article Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. 2016, Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach, John Wiley Sons- Book Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S., Francis, T. 2014, Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners, Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), 355-361- Journal article Gender Equality | Australian Human Rights Commission. 2017,Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/education/face-facts/face-facts-gender-equality -Website Halfon, N., Larson, K., Lu, M., Tullis, E., Russ, S. (2014). Lifecourse health development: past, present and future.Maternal and child health journal,18(2), 344-365- Journal article Kendig, H., Browning, C. J., Thomas, S. A., Wells, Y. 2014, Health, lifestyle, and gender influences on aging well: an Australian longitudinal analysis to guide health promotion, Frontiers in public health,2- Journal article Krieger, N. 2014. Discrimination and health inequities.International Journal of Health Services,44(4), 643-710- Journal article Lewin, S., Glenton, C., Munthe-Kaas, H., Carlsen, B., Colvin, C. J., Glmezoglu, M., ... Rashidian, A. 2015, Using qualitative evidence in decision making for health and social interventions: an approach to assess confidence in findings from qualitative evidence syntheses (GRADE-CERQual), PLoS Medicine,12(10), e1001895- Journal article Martin, P. 2017,Australian life expectancy hits all-time high.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australian-life-expectancy-hits-alltime-high-20161027-gsccau.html - Website National Womens Health Policy 2010, www.health.gov.au., Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/3BC776B3C331D5EECA257BF0001A8D46/$File/NWHP.pdf -Website OHCHR | Womens Rights and Gender Section (WRGS). 2017.Ohchr.org. Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Women/WRGS/Pages/WRGSIndex.aspx -Website Parken, A. 2010, A multi-strand approach to promoting equalities and human rights in policy making, Policy Politics,38(1), 79-99- Book Raman, S., Ruston, S., Irwin, S., Tran, P., Hotton, P., Thorne, S. 2017, Taking culture seriously: Can we improve the developmental health and well?being of Australian Aboriginal children in out?of?home care?.Child: Care, Health and Development- Journal article Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health Health facts Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. 2017,Healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au. Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary -Website Summary of Indigenous women's health. 2017, Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/population-groups/women/reviews/our-review - Website Thornton, M. 2013, Sex Discrimination in Uncertain Times(p. 379), ANU Press- Book Thorogood, C., Crowther, S. 2015, Challenges to womens health, Midwifery-E-Book: Preparation for Practice, 157- Book Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. 2014, Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews, BMC health services research,14(1), 99- Journal article Women and Heart disease. 2017,Aihw.gov.au., Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/8e081f99-f5cf-444b-8262-d263d2f6583a/10748.pdf.aspx?inline=true -Website Women's Health - 2014. 2017, Australian Medical Association, Retrieved 29 September 2017, from https://ama.com.au/position-statement/womens-health-2014 -Website Wronka, J. 2016,Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions, Sage Publications- Book Zwar, N., Harris, M., Griffiths, R., Roland, M., Dennis, S., Powell Davies, G., Hasan, I. 2017, A systematic review of chronic disease management- Journal article